What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. These growths, also called leiomyomas, vary in size and number, and while many women may have fibroids without symptoms, they can sometimes interfere with reproductive health. Understanding their nature and effects is a vital first step toward achieving your fertility goals.

How Uterine Fibroids Impact Fertility

The relationship between uterine fibroids and fertility depends on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. They may block fallopian tubes, distort the uterine cavity, or interfere with embryo implantation. Fibroids are identified in approximately 16% of women undergoing evaluation for unexplained infertility, highlighting how common and often overlooked they can be. In some cases, fibroids can also lead to complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriage or preterm delivery. Knowing how fibroids affect your reproductive health can help you make informed decisions when planning to conceive.

Symptoms to Watch For

While not all fibroids cause symptoms, some common signs include:

  • Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Frequent urination
  • Difficulty emptying the bladder
  • Constipation

If you’re experiencing these symptoms, it’s important to discuss them with a specialist to determine if fibroids might be affecting your fertility.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosing uterine fibroids typically involves imaging tests like ultrasounds or MRIs. Once diagnosed, treatment options vary based on the severity and your fertility goals. Options may include:

  • Medications: To manage symptoms or shrink fibroids temporarily.
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures: Such as uterine artery embolization (UAE) or myomectomy to remove or reduce fibroids while preserving fertility.
  • Surgical Options: Reserved for more severe cases where fibroids significantly impact fertility or health.

Your healthcare provider can guide you in choosing the best course of action tailored to your needs.

Steps to Take Before Trying to Conceive

If you have fibroids and are considering pregnancy, taking proactive steps can improve your chances of success:

  1. Consult a Specialist: Work with a reproductive endocrinologist to evaluate your fertility and fibroid impact.
  2. Address Fibroids Early: Explore treatment options to optimize uterine health before conception.
  3. Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: Focus on balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and stress management.
  4. Monitor Your Progress: Regular check-ups will ensure that your reproductive health remains on track.

Partnering with ARS/JCRM for Fertility Care

At Advanced Reproductive Specialists & Jacksonville Center for Reproductive Medicine (JCRM), we specialize in helping patients overcome obstacles like uterine fibroids on their path to parenthood. Our compassionate team of experts provides personalized care, advanced treatments, and guidance every step of the way.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a healthy pregnancy. Together, we’ll work to make your dreams of parenthood a reality.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can uterine fibroids prevent me from getting pregnant?

Yes, in some cases. While many women with fibroids can still conceive naturally, fibroids that distort the uterus or block the fallopian tubes may interfere with implantation or fertilization. The impact often depends on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.

Not necessarily. If your fibroids are small and not causing symptoms or interfering with your reproductive organs, your doctor may recommend monitoring rather than immediate treatment. However, if they are affecting fertility or causing discomfort, treatment may be advised before attempting pregnancy.

Fertility-preserving treatments include medication, minimally invasive procedures like myomectomy, and in some cases, uterine artery embolization (UAE). Your reproductive specialist will help determine the best option based on your individual fertility goals.

If you’ve been trying to conceive without success and have symptoms such as heavy periods, pelvic pain, or urinary issues, a fertility specialist can perform imaging tests (like an ultrasound or MRI) to evaluate for fibroids and assess their potential impact.

Yes, fibroids can sometimes increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, or complications with the placenta. However, many women with fibroids go on to have healthy pregnancies with the right monitoring and care.

Yes. Fibroids are more common in women aged 30–40 and disproportionately affect Black women, with studies showing up to 60% diagnosed by age 35. Genetics, hormones, and other lifestyle factors may also play a role.

Yes, especially in women who are younger at the time of treatment. While treatments like myomectomy remove existing fibroids, they don’t prevent new ones from forming. Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider is important.